THE FEAST OF ST. MARINA - AN EVENT THAT UNIFIES THE MACEDONIAN MINORITY IN MALA PRESPA REGION

This paper focuses on the Macedonian minority, inhabiting the nine villages on the Albanian side of the Big Prespa lake in the border region, known as Mala Prespa. The area is characterized by its isolation from the other parts of the country, which extends far beyond the geographical dimensions, but more up to the social ones. The research aims to examine the glorious celebration of Saint Marina’s day (30thof July) as an event, that unifies the Macedonian minority from all of the villages and even from further destinations. Another aim of the article is to present the place where the feast is being organized – Saint Marina monastery near Tuminec. Evidences for its significance as a sight in the believes of local people include legends, dreams and stories about it. The article is based primarily on fieldwork materials, collected in and near the villages of Tuminec and Zrnosko in July and October 2017.Key findings about the inhabitants of the region are: they feel united as a minority and find the feasting tradition as one of the ways to express this adjustment; they keep their religious faith strong and in the same time apply a kind of modernization by mixing the celebrations related to religion with the element of a fair.   Keywords: Macedonia, minority, Albania, Saint Marina, monastery, unifying role, feas

Legislative Background for Marketing Authorisation of the Biosimilar Medical Products in EU

The article presents a legislative overview of the medicinal products from biotechnological source, which are derived from living organisms so called biosimilars. Since 2004, based on Directive 2004/27/EC the term “biogeneric” does not exist any more and the therapeutic proteins including, recombinant human insulin for the treatment of diabetes, human growth hormone for the treatment of hypo-pituitary dwarfism, interferon, erythropoietin for the treatment of anaemia in cases of chronic renal failure, various blotting factors referred to an original medicinal products are called ""biosimilars"". All these biological medicinal product often heterogeneous so that modern analytical methodology could not always characterize them in terms of differences in conformation, heterogeneity and impurity profiles. Since 20 November 2005 the Marketing authorization way for biosimilars is via the Centralized Procedure pursuant Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex 1. In year 2006-2007 the number of the submitted medicinal product to EMEA is 14. The survey follows and discusses the issues which are necessary for the marketing authorization of all these medicinal products to prove the safety, efficacy and quality, where appropriate pre-clinical tests or clinical trials relating to these conditions must be provided

Student Nurses On The Non-Healthy Way Of Life

Introduction: The profession of the nurse requires knowledge of the proper, healthy, active way of life, so nurses can guide and advise their patients, and not just be an example for them to follow.Aim:The aim of the study is to establish nutritional and other behavioral habits of nursing students as a prerequisite for their attitudes towards healthy lifestyles.Materials and Methods:1.         Sociological Methods:Documentary method - study of the available literature on the problem;Poll method - Anonymous survey of the opinion of 100 nursing students from sophomore and junior year of MU - Pleven.2.         Statistical methods:Survey data was processed with a computer statistical program - SPSS 19 for WINDOWS and EXCEL.Results and Discussion:The analysis of the survey shows the distribution of the respondents into 3 groups compared to their self-assessment for a healthy lifestyle: 34% define their lifestyle as healthy, 32% as unhealthy, and the remaining 34% cannot tell. There is a large share of respondents (45%) who say they often miss meals, 34% often eat pastry for breakfast and 38% have dinner between 19:00 and 22:00. In terms of physical activity and mental relaxation, a large proportion of students exercise less often than once a month, and almost all spend about or less than 8 hours a day on sleep and rest.Conclusion:From what has been said so far, it can be concluded that most of the nursing students surveyed have unhealthy habits and poor nutrition and are having difficulty in correctly categorizing their lifestyle as being healthy or unhealthy

Knowledge of nurse students about the proper behavior during a terrorist act

Introduction: The issues related to adequate medical actions during a terrorist act in recent years emerged as particularly relevant. In the terrorist organizations that continually increase, a lot of money is invested and therefore combating the consequences of their attacks is particularly difficult. In this regard it is necessary that healthcare professionals possess knowledge and skills for proper behavior during a terrorist act.Objective: To investigate nurse students‘ knowledge of the proper behavior during a terrorist act.Material and Methods: Attached is the questionnaire method (direct group anonymous survey) and analysis of the literature. The opinion of 50 third-year nurse students at the Medical University of Varna was explored in January 2016.Results: The results reflect the opinions of the respondents, future nurses, on their holdings of knowledge concerning proper behavior during a terrorist act. The majority of respondents demonstrate knowledge related to key actions in assistance. They know the basic categories of victims and the rules for sorting.Conclusion: The data from the study show that despite the demonstrated knowledge, students are self-critical to their preparation. This necessitates a study of their attitudes on advanced training on the issue

Pilot assessment of cyanotoxins as potential risk factors for cancer in Bulgaria

Cyanoprokaryotes (=cyanobacteria, blue-green algae) are the most ancient oxygen-producing phototrophic microorganisms, spread all over the Globe, which form the important basis of different food chains in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. However, due to strong anthropogenic pressure during the last decades they are also responsible for causing nuisance algal blooms in different water bodies with deleterious effects on the mankind and ecosystems mainly due to production of toxic substances (cyanotoxins). Amongst them are the microcystins, nodularins, lyngbyatoxins and aplysiatoxins, known as tumor-promotors with increase of exposure routes through which humans and animals can be placed at risk (Meriluoto et al. 2017). However, the investigations on the relations between the occurrence and development of such diseases with the cyanotoxins and their producers are extremely scarce at a global scale (Yu and Chen 1994, Ueno et al. 1996, Fleming et al. 2002, Svircev et al. 2009, Drobac et al. 2011, Labine et al. 2015). During the last 15 years cyanoblooms and microcystins, nodularins and saxitoxins were detected in 16 different Bulgarian freshwater bodies, including some drinking-water reservoirs (Stoyneva-Gärtner et al. 2017). Amongst the detected toxins some new forms were recognized by their characteristic spectra (Pavlova 2007, Pavlova et al. 2007), and, more recently, a new potential producer of lyngbyatoxin was found in the Black Sea (Stoyneva et al. 2015). The poster shows a pilot assessment of the spread of cancer distribution and mortality vs. spread of cyanoblooms and cyanotoxins in Bulgaria. The pilot assessment is made on the basis of comparison of the general regions of spread of cyanotoxins in Bulgarian water bodies and toxin-producing cyanospecies during the period 2000-2017 (Stoyneva-Gärtner et al. 2017) with the spread of cancer in Bulgaria (e.g. Valerianova et al. 2015). The comparison shows general conformities between the spread of the "most dangerous" water bodies and main regions of cancer diseases in the country. The results obtained served as a basis for a new project proposal which aims at a deepening of the studies for improvement of prevention of cancer in the country

O clima organizacional e a satisfação dos trabalhadores na RARI - Construções Metálicas, Engenharia, Projectos e Soluções Industriais, S.A.

O presente trabalho, visa analisar o Clima Organizacional e a Satisfação dos Trabalhadores numa empresa de construções metálicas, engenharia, projetos e soluções industriais – RARI. O estudo realizado é de natureza quantitativa, transversal e exploratório. O instrumento de análise foi um questionário composto por duas escalas, respetivamente: Clima Organizacional e Satisfação Laboral. A escala referente ao Clima comporta 11 dimensões, designadamente: Comunicação Interna, Carga de Trabalho, Relacionamento Interpessoal, Decisões, Ambiente e Condições de Trabalho, Empenho, Crescimento Profissional, Recompensas, Equidade/Igualdade, Chefe imediato e Imagem da Empresa. Os valores de alfa de Cronbach são, na esmagadora maioria, das subescalas Muito bons ou Excelentes. No que se refere à Satisfação Laboral está dividida em duas subescalas: Satisfação com Recompensas e Incentivos e Satisfação com o Trabalho. Os indicadores dos coeficientes alfa de Cronbach são, igualmente, elevados. A amostra é constituída por 173 trabalhadores. Os resultados evidenciam que: − As dimensões do Clima Organizacional mais pontuadas, por ordem crescente, são: Recompensas, Carga de Trabalho, Comunicação Interna, Ambiente e condições de trabalho, Decisões, Empenho, Crescimento Profissional, Equidade/Igualdade, Relacionamento interpessoal, Imagem da Empresa, Chefe imediato. − Relativamente à Satisfação Laboral e também, por ordem crescente de pontuação, são: Satisfação com Remunerações e Incentivos e Satisfação com o Trabalho. − Através de uma análise de correlações entre as dimensões do Clima Organizacional e da Satisfação Laboral, observou-se que elas demonstram, dum modo geral, fortes correlações positivas e significativas. − Relativamente à Influência dos elementos Sociográficos nas dimensões das Variáveis em análise, recorreu-se ao teste Kruskal Wallis. Os dados obtidos evidenciam que só foram encontradas diferenças, estatisticamente significativas, na influência das variáveis: Categoria Profissional sobre a perceção da Carga de Trabalho e da Antiguidade na Empresa sobre a perceção da Comunicação Interna.This paper aims to analyze the Organizational Climate and the Satisfaction of the Workers in a company of metallic constructions, engineering, projects and industrial solutions - RARI. The study is quantitative, cross-sectional and exploratory. The analysis instrument was a questionnaire composed of two scales, respectively: Organizational Climate and Labor Satisfaction. The Climate scale has 11 dimensions: Internal Communication, Workload, Interpersonal Relationship, Decisions, Environment and Working Conditions, Commitment, Professional Growth, Rewards, Equity / Equality, Immediate Boss and Company Image. Cronbach's alpha values are overwhelmingly Very Good or Excellent. Regarding Job Satisfaction, it is divided into two subscales: Satisfaction with Rewards and Incentives and Satisfaction with Work. Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicators are also high. The sample consists of 173 workers. The results show that: - The highest scoring Organizational Climate dimensions, in ascending order, are: Rewards, Workload, Internal Communication, Work Environment and Conditions, Decisions, Commitment, Professional Growth, Equity / Equality, Interpersonal Relationship, Company Image, Immediate Boss. - Regarding Job Satisfaction and also, in ascending order of score, are: Satisfaction with Compensation and Incentives and Satisfaction with Work. - Through an analysis of correlations between the Organizational Climate and Labor Satisfaction dimensions, it was observed that they generally show strong positive and significant correlations. - Regarding the influence of sociographic elements on the dimensions of the variables under analysis, was used the Kruskal Wallis test. The data show that only statistically significant differences were found in the influence of the variables: Professional Category on the perception of Workload and Seniority in the Company on the perception of Internal Communication

Legislative Background for Marketing Authorisation of the Biosimilar Medical Products in EU

The article presents a legislative overview of the medicinal products from biotechnological source, which are derived from living organisms so called biosimilars. Since 2004, based on Directive 2004/27/EC the term “biogeneric” does not exist any more and the therapeutic proteins including, recombinant human insulin for the treatment of diabetes, human growth hormone for the treatment of hypo-pituitary dwarfism, interferon, erythropoietin for the treatment of anaemia in cases of chronic renal failure, various blotting factors referred to an original medicinal products are called ""biosimilars"". All these biological medicinal product often heterogeneous so that modern analytical methodology could not always characterize them in terms of differences in conformation, heterogeneity and impurity profiles. Since 20 November 2005 the Marketing authorization way for biosimilars is via the Centralized Procedure pursuant Regulation (EC) 726/2004, Annex 1. In year 2006-2007 the number of the submitted medicinal product to EMEA is 14. The survey follows and discusses the issues which are necessary for the marketing authorization of all these medicinal products to prove the safety, efficacy and quality, where appropriate pre-clinical tests or clinical trials relating to these conditions must be provided

Need for targeted training of nurses to adequately conduct during a terrorist act

Introduction: The world is under constant threat of terrorist acts. Lack of readiness to respond to attacks costs the public very expensive and threatens much of the population. A number of experts are on the opinion that the training in antiterrorism should be an integral part of the united state standards and take place both in schools and in higher education and subsequently the required knowledge to be continuously updated.Objective: To explore the opinions and attitudes of student nurses in terms of the need for targeted training to adequately conduct during a terrorist act.Material and Methods: Attached is the questionnaire method (direct group anonymous survey) and analysis of the literature. Tested is the opinion of 50 thirdyear students, specialty „Nurse` in Medical University of Varna in January 2016.Results: The results reflect the opinions of interviewed students from specialty „Nurse` on the need for adequate training behavior during the terrorist act. All respondents confirmed their responses to the need for further training in this area. Preferred learning methods in the vast majority of students are interactive - role playing games on the problem, talks and discussions. The majority of students considered that such specific training must be conducted after completion of basic training.Conclusion: The future nurses are prepared to improve and constantly update their knowledge and skills related to adequately conduct terrorist attacks